Carnosine

"Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is a dipeptide of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine. It is highly concentrated in muscle and brain tissues."

"Researchers in Britain,^[2] South Korea,^[3] Russia^[4][5] and other countries^[6][7] have shown that carnosine has a number of antioxidant properties that may be beneficial. Carnosine has been proven to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as alpha-beta unsaturated aldehydes formed from peroxidation of cell membrane fatty acids during oxidative stress."

"Carnosine can oppose glycation^[8][9] and it can chelate divalent metal ions. Chronic glycolysis is suspected to accelerate aging.^[10] Carnosine was found to inhibit diabetic nephropathy by protecting the podocytes and mesangial cells.^[11] Because of its antioxidant, antiglycator and metal chelator properties, carnosine supplements have been proposed as a general anti-aging therapy.^[12] Carnosine containing products are also used in topical preparations to reduce wrinkles on the skin."

"Some studies have detected beneficial effects of N-acetyl-carnosine in preventing and treating cataracts of the eyes; in one of these, carnosine was found to reduce cloudiness in rat lenses that were exposed to guanidine to cause cataracts.^[14] However, claims that carnosine confers these and other posited ophthalmological benefits are, as of yet, insufficiently supported for endorsement by the mainstream medical community; Britain's Royal College of Ophthalmologists, for instance, has asserted that neither safety nor efficacy has been sufficiently demonstrated to recommend carnosine's use as a topical treatment for cataracts."