Cortisone

"Cortisone (17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone) is a steroid hormone. It is one of the main hormones released by the adrenal gland in response to stress. In chemical structure, it is a corticosteroid closely related to corticosterone. It is used to treat a variety of ailments and can be administered intravenously, orally, intraarticularly, or transcutaneously. Cortisone suppresses the immune system, thus reducing inflammation and attendant pain and swelling at the site of the injury. Risks exist, in particular in the long-term use of cortisone."

"Cortisone was first identified by the American chemist Edward Calvin Kendall while a researcher at the Mayo Clinic.^[3] He was awarded the 1950 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine along with Philip S. Hench and Tadeus Reichstein for the discovery of adrenal cortex hormones, their structures, and their functions. Cortisone was first produced commercially by Merck & Co. On September 30, 1949, Percy Julian announced an improvement in the process of producing cortisone from bile acids.^{[chronology citation needed]} This eliminated the need to use osmium tetroxide, a rare, expensive, and dangerous chemical. Unknown at the time of the 1960 Presidential election, President John F. Kennedy took Cortisone supplements to counter the adrenal deficiency symptoms of Addison's Disease, which he denied having."