Carnosine

"Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is a dipeptide of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine. It is highly concentrated in muscle and brain tissues."

"Carnosine and carnitine were discovered by Russian chemist V.Gulevich.^[2] Researchers in Britain,^[3] South Korea,^[4] Russia^[5][6] and other countries^[7][8][9] have shown that carnosine has a number of antioxidant properties that may be beneficial. Carnosine has been proven to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as alpha-beta unsaturated aldehydesformed from peroxidation of cell membrane fatty acids during oxidative stress."

"Carnosine can oppose glycation^[10][11] and it can chelate divalent metal ions. Chronic glycolysis is suspected to accelerate aging.^[12] Carnosine was found to inhibit diabetic nephropathy by protecting the podocytes and mesangial cells."

"Carnosine containing products are also used in topical preparations to reduce wrinkles on the skin.^"

"Some studies have detected beneficial effects of N-acetylcarnosine in preventing and treating cataracts of the eyes; in one of these, carnosine was found to reduce cloudiness in rat lenses that were exposed to guanidine to cause cataracts.^[15] However, claims that carnosine confers these and other posited ophthalmological benefits are, as yet, insufficiently supported for endorsement by the mainstream medical community; Britain's Royal College of Ophthalmologists, for instance, has asserted that neither safety nor efficacy has been sufficiently demonstrated to recommend carnosine's use as a topical treatment for cataracts."