Pentacene

"Pentacene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of five linearly-fused benzene rings. This highly conjugated compound is an organic semiconductor. The compound generates excitons upon absorption of ultra-violet (UV) or visible light; this makes it very sensitive to oxidation. For this reason, this compound, which is a purple powder, slowly degrades upon exposure to air and light."

"Structurally, pentacene is one of the linear acenes, the previous one being tetracene (four fused benzene rings) and the next one being hexacene (six fused benzene rings). In August 2009, a group of researchers from IBM published experimental results of imaging a single molecule of pentacene using an atomic force microscope.^[1][2] In July 2011, they used a modification of scanning tunneling microscopy to experimentally determine the shapes of the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals."

Trimethylaluminum

"Trimethylaluminium is the chemical compound with the formula Al₂(CH₃)₆, abbreviated as Al₂Me₆, (AlMe₃)₂ or the abbreviation TMA. Thispyrophoric, colorless liquid is an industrially important organoaluminium compound. It evolves white smoke (aluminium oxides) when the vapor is released into the air."

"Al₂Me₆ exists as a dimer, analogous in structure and bonding to diborane. As with diborane, the molecules are connected by 2 3-center-2-electron bonds: the shared methyl groups bridge between the two aluminium atoms. The Al-C(terminal) and Al-C(bridging) distances are 1.97 and 2.14 Å, respectively.^[1] The carbon atoms of the bridging methyl groups are each surrounded by five neighbors: three hydrogen atoms and two aluminium atoms. The methyl groups interchange readily intramolecularly and intermolecularly."

"3-Centered-2-electron bonds are an utterance of "electron-deficient" molecules and tend to undergo reactions with Lewis bases that would give products consisting of 2-centered-2-electron bonds. For example upon treatment with amines gives adducts R₃N-AlMe₃. Another reaction that gives products that follow the octet rule is the reaction of Al₂Me₆ with aluminium trichloride to give (AlMe₂Cl)₂."

Cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl dimer

"Cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl dimer is an organometallic compound with the formula (C₅H₅)₂Fe₂(CO)₄, also abbreviated Cp₂Fe₂(CO)₄. It is called Fp₂ or "fip dimer." It is a dark reddish-purple crystalline solid, which is readily soluble in moderately polar organic solvents such as chloroform and pyridine, but less soluble in carbon tetrachloride and carbon disulfide. Cp₂Fe₂(CO)₄ is insoluble in but stable toward water."

"In solution, Cp₂Fe₂(CO)₄ can be considered a dimeric half sandwich complex. It exists in three isomeric forms: cis, trans, and unbridged. These isomeric forms are distinguished by the position of the ligands. Cis and trans differ in the relative position of C₅H₅ (Cp) ligands. And for both isomers, two CO ligands are terminal whereas the other two CO ligands bridge between the iron atoms. In the unbridged isomer, no ligands bridge between iron atoms — the metals are held together only by the Fe-Fe bond. Cis and trans isomers are the more abundant."

"The solid state of molecular structure of both cis and trans isomers have been analyzed by X-ray and neutron diffraction. The Fe-Fe separation and the Fe-C bond lengths are the same in the Fe₂C₂ rhomboids, an exactly planar Fe₂C₂ four-membered ring in the trans isomer versus a folded rhomboid in cis with an angle of 164°, and significant distortions in the Cp ring of trans isomer reflecting different Cp orbital populations."

Indigo

"Indigo dye is an organic compound with a distinctive blue color (see indigo). Historically, indigo was a natural dye extracted from plants, and this process was important economically because blue dyes were once rare. Nearly all indigo dye produced today — several thousand tons each year — is synthetic. It is the blue of blue jeans."

"Indigo is a dark blue crystalline powder that sublimes at 390–392 °C. It is insoluble in water, alcohol, or ether but soluble in DMSO,chloroform, nitrobenzene, and concentrated sulfuric acid. The chemical formula of indigo is C₁₆H₁₀N₂O₂."

"The molecule absorbs light in the orange part of the spectrum (λ_max = 613 nm).^[8] The compound owes its deep colour to the conjugation of the double bonds, i.e. the double bonds within the molecule are adjacent and the molecule is planar. In indigo white, the conjugation is interrupted because the molecule is nonplanar."

Methamphetamine

"Methamphetamine, also known as methamfetamine (INN),^[2] meth, N-methylamphetamine, methylamphetamine, anddesoxyephedrine, is a psychostimulant of the phenethylamine and amphetamine class of psychoactive drugs."

"A member of the family of phenethylamines, methamphetamine is chiral, with two isomers, levorotatory and dextrorotatory.^[1] The levorotatory form, called levomethamphetamine, is an over-the-counter drug used in inhalers for nasal decongestion. Levomethamphetamine (a levoamphetamine derivative) does not possess any significant central nervous system activity or addictiveproperties. This article deals only with the dextrorotatory form, called dextromethamphetamine, and the racemic form."

"Methamphetamine increases alertness, concentration, energy, and in high doses, can induce euphoria, enhance self-esteem and increase libido.^[3][4]Methamphetamine has high potential for abuse and addiction, activating the psychological reward system by triggering a cascading release of dopamine in the brain. Methamphetamine is FDA approved for the treatment of ADHD and exogenous obesity. It is dispensed in the USA under the trademark nameDesoxyn^[5] and manufactured by Ovation Pharmaceuticals which was purchased in 2009 by Danish pharmaceutical Lundbeck."

Cyclohexane

"Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C₆H₁₂. Cyclohexane is used as a nonpolar solvent for the chemical industry, and also as a raw material for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, both of which being intermediates used in the production of nylon. On an industrial scale, cyclohexane is produced by reacting benzene with hydrogen. Because of its unique chemical and conformational properties, cyclohexane is also used in labs in analysis and as a standard. Cyclohexane has a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning product (in which it is sometimes used)."

"Cyclohexane has two crystalline phases. The high-temperature phase I, stable between 186 K and the melting point 280 K, is a plastic crystal, which means the molecules retain some rotational degree of freedom. The low-temperature (below 186 K) phase II is ordered. Two other low-temperature (metastable) phases III and IV have been obtained by application of moderate pressures above 30 MPa, where phase IV appears exclusively in deuteratedcyclohexane (note that application of pressure increases the values of all transition temperatures)."

Chloroacetic Acid

"Chloroacetic acid, industrially known as monochloroacetic acid (MCA) is the organochlorine compound with the formula ClCH₂CO₂H. This carboxylic acidis a useful building-block in organic synthesis."

"The production of chloroacetic acid was 706,000 tonnes/year in 2010,^[2] of which over half is produced in China. Other countries with significant production capacity are Germany (105,000), the Netherlands (100,000), India (>65,000), and the United States (55,000). The world's largest producer is Akzo Nobel."

Propylene Glycol

"Propylene glycol, also called 1,2-propanediol or propane-1,2-diol, is an organic compound (a diol or double alcohol) with formula C₃H₈O₂ or HO-CH₂-CHOH-CH₃. It is a colorless, nearly odorless, clear, viscous liquid with a faintly sweet taste, hygroscopic and miscible with water, acetone, and chloroform."

"The compound is sometimes called α-propylene glycol to distinguish it from the isomer propane-1,3-diol HO-(CH₂)₃-OH, also called β-propylene glycol."

Neoprene

"Neoprene or polychloroprene is a family of synthetic rubbers that are produced by polymerization of chloroprene.^[1] Neoprene in general has good chemical stability, and maintains flexibility over a wide temperature range. It is used in a wide variety of applications, such as laptop sleeves, orthopedic braces (wrist, knee, etc.), electrical insulation, liquid and sheet applied elastomeric membranes or flashings, and car fan belts."

"A foamed neoprene containing gas cells is used as an insulation material, most notably in wetsuits. Foamed neoprene is also used in other insulation and shock-protection (packing) applications."

"Neoprene was invented by DuPont scientists on April 17, 1930^[2] after Dr Elmer K. Bolton of DuPont laboratories attended a lecture by Fr Julius Arthur Nieuwland, a professor of chemistry at the University of Notre Dame. Fr. Nieuwland's research was focused on acetylene chemistry and during the course of his work he produced divinyl acetylene, a jelly that firms into an elastic compound similar to rubber when passed over sulfur dichloride. After DuPont purchased the patent rights from the university, Wallace Carothers of DuPont took over commercial development of Nieuwland's discovery in collaboration with Nieuwland himself. DuPont focused on monovinyl acetylene and reacted the substance with hydrogen chloride gas, manufacturing chloroprene."

Pentazole

"Pentazole is an aromatic chemical molecule consisting of a five-membered ring with all nitrogen atoms, one of which is bonded to a hydrogen atom. It has a molecular formula of HN₅. Its SMILES structure is n1n[nH]nn1. Although strictly speaking a homocyclic, inorganic compound, pentazole has historically been classed as the last in a series of heterocyclic azole compounds containing one to five nitrogen atoms.This set contains pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, triazoles, tetrazoles, and pentazole. One can consider pentazole to be at the interface between inorganic and organic chemistry."

"Substituted analogs of pentazole are collectively known as pentazoles. As a class, they are unstable and often highly explosive compounds. The first pentazole synthesized was phenyl pentazole, where the pentazole ring is highly stabilized by conjugation with the phenyl ring. The derivative 4-dimethylaminophenylpentazole is among the most stable pentazole compounds known, although it still decomposes at temperatures over 50°C. It is known that electron-donating groups stabilize aryl pentazole compounds."