Hydrogen Peroxide, H2O2

"When it's pure, hydrogen peroxide is an almost colourless (very pale blue) substance that resembles water (and mixes with it in all proportions). It freezes at -0.41°C and boils at 150.2°C (extrapolated to 760 mm pressure). Its density is 1.44 g cm^-3 in the liquid state at 25°C and 1.64 g cm^-3 in the solid state at -4.5°C, so that, unlike ice, solid H₂O₂ sinks when placed in the corresponding liquid form. It has a skewed structure with a dihedral angle of 111.5° (gas phase), which minimises repulsion between the lone pairs and the O-H bond pairs. The dihedral angle is affected by hydrogen bonding; it is 90.2° in solid H₂O₂."

Monosodium Glutamate

"Monosodium glutamate, or MSG, is a widely used flavor enhancer. It is said to add a 5th flavor to foods, a savoury taste, adding onto the four basic tastes (salt, sweet, sour and bitter). It has many names, ranging from accent and vetsin to ajinomoto. What is so curious about MSG is that it does not act by adding a specific taste of its own (as does salt or sugar), but instead it seems to serve as a stimulant which increases the sensitivity of taste receptors thus "multiplying" the taste of foods.

MSG is the sodium salt of the amino acid glutamic acid. In aqueous solution, the acid reverts to its ionised form, and is known simply as glutamate. Glutamate plays a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of several key amino acids, and in fact, most of the non-essential amino acids (such as alanine and aspartine) derive their α-amino groups from glutamate. Glutamates are found naturally occuring in many fruits and vegetables, for example tomatoes, as well as many of the meats we consume (animal proteins contain between 11% and 22% of glutamic acid by weight)."

Nitric Acid, HNO3

"Nitric acid (HNO₃) is an extremely important chemical used in the manufacture of fertilisers and explosives. It is made from ammonia by the Ostwald Process which was developed in 1902 by the German chemist Wilhelm Ostwald (below, left), who got the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1909. This process reacts together O₂ and ammonia NH₃ at 850°C and 5 atmospheres pressure, with the help of platinum and rhodium catalysts, to make NO gas. This is then oxidised to NO₂, which is then dissolved in water to make HNO₃."

Teflon

"Polytetrafluoroethylene, better known as Teflon, is a synthetic fluoropolymer. A synthetic fluoropolymer is a fluorocarbon-based polymer with multiple strong carbon-fluorine bonds, making it highly resistant to solvents, acids and bases."

Benzene

"Michael Faraday was the first scientist to discover benzene in 1825. He extracted benzene from cylinders of compressed illuminating gas which had been collected from the pyrolysis of whale oil. Faraday called this newly discovered liquid bicarburet of hydrogen."

Omega-3-Fatty Acids

"Omega-3-fatty acids that are important in human physiology are α-linolenic acid (18:3, n−3; ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, n−3; EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, n−3; DHA). These three polyunsaturates have either 3, 5, or 6 double bonds in a carbon chain of 18, 20, or 22 carbon atoms, respectively. As with most naturally-produced fatty acids, all double bonds are in the cis-configuration; in other words, the two hydrogen atoms are on the same side of the double bond."

Lactic Acid

"Lactic acid, also known as milk acid, is a chemical compound that plays a role in various biochemical processes and was first isolated in 1780 by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele. Lactic acid is a carboxylic acid with the chemical formula C₃H₆O₃. It has a hydroxyl group adjacent to the carboxyl group, making it an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA)."

Carbon Dioxide

"Carbon dioxide (chemical formula CO₂) is a naturally occurring chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state, as a trace gas at a concentration of 0.039% by volume."

Buckminsterfullerene

"Buckminsterfullerene is a spherical molecule with the formula C₆₀. It was first prepared in 1985 by Harold Kroto, James Heath, Sean O'Brien, Robert Curl and Richard Smalley at Rice University.^[1] Kroto, Curl, and Smalley were awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their roles in the discovery of buckminsterfullerene and the related class of molecules, the fullerenes. The name is an homage to Richard Buckminster Fuller, whose geodesic domes it resembles."

NO, Nitric Oxide, not nitrous oxide

Check out NO. It is a simple but very interesting molecule that has an unpaired electron, making it very reactive. With that being said, surprisingly it was found to a profound in the cardiovascular systems of humans. In these times, all kinds of dubious drugs are available to do all kinds of unsubstantiated medical miracles. Decide for yourself.